What does the term "pest management" encompass?

The correct choice captures the essence of "pest management" as it refers to a comprehensive approach that includes various strategies and practices implemented to control pest populations in an effective and sustainable manner. Pest management is not limited to just one method; rather, it integrates multiple approaches, such as cultural, physical, biological, and chemical controls, to minimize the impact of pests while considering environmental and ecological factors.

By focusing on sustainable practices, pest management aims to reduce dependency on chemical pesticides, protect beneficial organisms, and maintain ecological balance. This holistic view is essential for ensuring long-term pest control success and safeguarding human health and the environment.

The other options reflect a more narrow or incomplete understanding of pest management. For instance, limiting the term to only chemical pesticides fails to account for the various other methods available and might lead to unsustainable practices. Monitoring pest populations without taking action does not address the need for management strategies and may result in the continuation of pest problems. Restricting the definition to only biological control methods overlooks the necessity of an integrated approach that utilizes all available resources to address pest issues effectively.